Bioleaching is a process in which microorganisms are used to extract metals from ores and concentrates. These microorganisms, typically bacteria or archaea, break down the mineral compounds in the ore through a series of chemical reactions, releasing the desired metals in a soluble form. This process is often used as a more economical and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods of metal extraction, such as smelting or chemical leaching. Bioleaching has been applied to a variety of metals, including copper, gold, and uranium, and continues to be an important area of research in the mining industry.