Baseflow refers to the portion of streamflow that comes from groundwater discharge into a river or stream. It is typically a consistent and sustained flow of water that helps to maintain streamflow during dry periods, when surface runoff is minimal. Understanding baseflow is important for water resource management, as it can influence water availability, water quality, and stream ecology. Researchers study baseflow to better understand the hydrology of watersheds and to assess the impacts of land use changes, climate variability, and groundwater extraction on streamflow. They may use hydrological models, isotopic analysis, stream gauging, and other techniques to quantify and analyze baseflow contributions to streamflow.