Autoantibodies are antibodies produced by the immune system that mistakenly target and attack the body's own tissues, cells, and organs. These antibodies can play a critical role in the development of autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. Autoantibodies are used as biomarkers for various autoimmune diseases, helping with diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Research in this area focuses on understanding the mechanisms by which autoantibodies are produced, identifying the specific autoantibodies associated with different autoimmune diseases, and developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to target these antibodies and their effects on the body.